mlxsw: Add support for transceiver module extended state

Add support for the transceiver module extended state and sub-state
added in previous patch. The extended state is meant to describe link
issues related to transceiver modules.

Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>