rbd: introduce rados block device (rbd), based on libceph

The rados block device (rbd), based on osdblk, creates a block device
that is backed by objects stored in the Ceph distributed object storage
cluster.  Each device consists of a single metadata object and data
striped over many data objects.

The rbd driver supports read-only snapshots.

Signed-off-by: Yehuda Sadeh <yehuda@hq.newdream.net>
Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>