lib/kstrtox.c: smaller _parse_integer()

Set "overflow" bit upon encountering it instead of postponing to the end
of the conversion. Somehow gcc unwedges itself and generates better code:

	$ ./scripts/bloat-o-meter ../vmlinux-000 ../obj/vmlinux
	_parse_integer                      177     139     -38

Inspired by patch from Zhaoxiu Zeng.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160826221920.GA1909@p183.telecom.by


Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>