checkpatch.pl

		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+char\s+(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*"/) {
			WARN("static char array declaration should probably be static const char\n" .
				$herecurr);
               }

# check for declarations of struct pci_device_id
		if ($line =~ /\bstruct\s+pci_device_id\s+\w+\s*\[\s*\]\s*\=\s*\{/) {
			WARN("Use DEFINE_PCI_DEVICE_TABLE for struct pci_device_id\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for new typedefs, only function parameters and sparse annotations
# make sense.
		if ($line =~ /\btypedef\s/ &&
		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s*\(\s*\*?$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/ &&
		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s+$Ident\s*\(/ &&
		    $line !~ /\b$typeTypedefs\b/ &&
		    $line !~ /\b__bitwise(?:__|)\b/) {
			WARN("do not add new typedefs\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# * goes on variable not on type
		# (char*[ const])
		if ($line =~ m{\($NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)\)}) {
			my ($from, $to) = ($1, $1);

			# Should start with a space.
			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
			# Should not end with a space.
			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
			}

			#print "from<$from> to<$to>\n";
			if ($from ne $to) {
				ERROR("\"(foo$from)\" should be \"(foo$to)\"\n" .  $herecurr);
			}
		} elsif ($line =~ m{\b$NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)($Ident)}) {
			my ($from, $to, $ident) = ($1, $1, $2);

			# Should start with a space.
			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
			# Should not end with a space.
			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
			}
			# Modifiers should have spaces.
			$to =~ s/(\b$Modifier$)/$1 /;

			#print "from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
			if ($from ne $to && $ident !~ /^$Modifier$/) {
				ERROR("\"foo${from}bar\" should be \"foo${to}bar\"\n" .  $herecurr);
			}
		}

# # no BUG() or BUG_ON()
# 		if ($line =~ /\b(BUG|BUG_ON)\b/) {
# 			print "Try to use WARN_ON & Recovery code rather than BUG() or BUG_ON()\n";
# 			print "$herecurr";
# 			$clean = 0;
# 		}

		if ($line =~ /\bLINUX_VERSION_CODE\b/) {
			WARN("LINUX_VERSION_CODE should be avoided, code should be for the version to which it is merged\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for uses of printk_ratelimit
		if ($line =~ /\bprintk_ratelimit\s*\(/) {
			WARN("Prefer printk_ratelimited or pr_<level>_ratelimited to printk_ratelimit\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# printk should use KERN_* levels.  Note that follow on printk's on the
# same line do not need a level, so we use the current block context
# to try and find and validate the current printk.  In summary the current
# printk includes all preceding printk's which have no newline on the end.
# we assume the first bad printk is the one to report.
		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\((?!KERN_)\s*"/) {
			my $ok = 0;
			for (my $ln = $linenr - 1; $ln >= $first_line; $ln--) {
				#print "CHECK<$lines[$ln - 1]\n";
				# we have a preceding printk if it ends
				# with "\n" ignore it, else it is to blame
				if ($lines[$ln - 1] =~ m{\bprintk\(}) {
					if ($rawlines[$ln - 1] !~ m{\\n"}) {
						$ok = 1;
					}
					last;
				}
			}
			if ($ok == 0) {
				WARN("printk() should include KERN_ facility level\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}

# function brace can't be on same line, except for #defines of do while,
# or if closed on same line
		if (($line=~/$Type\s*$Ident\(.*\).*\s{/) and
		    !($line=~/\#\s*define.*do\s{/) and !($line=~/}/)) {
			ERROR("open brace '{' following function declarations go on the next line\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line.
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident)?\s*$/) {
			ERROR("open brace '{' following $1 go on the same line\n" . $hereprev);
		}

# missing space after union, struct or enum definition
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident)?(?:\s+$Ident)?[=\{]/) {
		    WARN("missing space after $1 definition\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for spacing round square brackets; allowed:
#  1. with a type on the left -- int [] a;
#  2. at the beginning of a line for slice initialisers -- [0...10] = 5,
#  3. inside a curly brace -- = { [0...10] = 5 }
		while ($line =~ /(.*?\s)\[/g) {
			my ($where, $prefix) = ($-[1], $1);
			if ($prefix !~ /$Type\s+$/ &&
			    ($where != 0 || $prefix !~ /^.\s+$/) &&
			    $prefix !~ /{\s+$/) {
				ERROR("space prohibited before open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}

# check for spaces between functions and their parentheses.
		while ($line =~ /($Ident)\s+\(/g) {
			my $name = $1;
			my $ctx_before = substr($line, 0, $-[1]);
			my $ctx = "$ctx_before$name";

			# Ignore those directives where spaces _are_ permitted.
			if ($name =~ /^(?:
				if|for|while|switch|return|case|
				volatile|__volatile__|
				__attribute__|format|__extension__|
				asm|__asm__)$/x)
			{

			# cpp #define statements have non-optional spaces, ie
			# if there is a space between the name and the open
			# parenthesis it is simply not a parameter group.
			} elsif ($ctx_before =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$/) {

			# cpp #elif statement condition may start with a (
			} elsif ($ctx =~ /^.\s*\#\s*elif\s*$/) {

			# If this whole things ends with a type its most
			# likely a typedef for a function.
			} elsif ($ctx =~ /$Type$/) {

			} else {
				WARN("space prohibited between function name and open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}
# Check operator spacing.
		if (!($line=~/\#\s*include/)) {
			my $ops = qr{
				<<=|>>=|<=|>=|==|!=|
				\+=|-=|\*=|\/=|%=|\^=|\|=|&=|
				=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|=|!|~|
				&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||\+|-|\*|\/|%|
				\?|:
			}x;
			my @elements = split(/($ops|;)/, $opline);
			my $off = 0;

			my $blank = copy_spacing($opline);

			for (my $n = 0; $n < $#elements; $n += 2) {
				$off += length($elements[$n]);

				# Pick up the preceding and succeeding characters.
				my $ca = substr($opline, 0, $off);
				my $cc = '';
				if (length($opline) >= ($off + length($elements[$n + 1]))) {
					$cc = substr($opline, $off + length($elements[$n + 1]));
				}
				my $cb = "$ca$;$cc";

				my $a = '';
				$a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne '');
				$a = 'W' if ($elements[$n] =~ /\s$/);
				$a = 'C' if ($elements[$n] =~ /$;$/);
				$a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/);
				$a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq '');
				$a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/);

				my $op = $elements[$n + 1];

				my $c = '';
				if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) {
					$c = 'V' if ($elements[$n + 2] ne '');
					$c = 'W' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s/);
					$c = 'C' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^$;/);
					$c = 'B' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^(\)|\]|;)/);
					$c = 'O' if ($elements[$n + 2] eq '');
					$c = 'E' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s*\\$/);
				} else {
					$c = 'E';
				}

				my $ctx = "${a}x${c}";

				my $at = "(ctx:$ctx)";

				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $off) . "^";
				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";

				# Pull out the value of this operator.
				my $op_type = substr($curr_values, $off + 1, 1);

				# Get the full operator variant.
				my $opv = $op . substr($curr_vars, $off, 1);

				# Ignore operators passed as parameters.
				if ($op_type ne 'V' &&
				    $ca =~ /\s$/ && $cc =~ /^\s*,/) {

#				# Ignore comments
#				} elsif ($op =~ /^$;+$/) {

				# ; should have either the end of line or a space or \ after it
				} elsif ($op eq ';') {
					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEBC]/ &&
					    $cc !~ /^\\/ && $cc !~ /^;/) {
						ERROR("space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}

				# // is a comment
				} elsif ($op eq '//') {

				# No spaces for:
				#   ->
				#   :   when part of a bitfield
				} elsif ($op eq '->' || $opv eq ':B') {
					if ($ctx =~ /Wx.|.xW/) {
						ERROR("spaces prohibited around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}

				# , must have a space on the right.
				} elsif ($op eq ',') {
					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEC]/ && $cc !~ /^}/) {
						ERROR("space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}

				# '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already.
				} elsif ($opv eq '*_') {
					#warn "'*' is part of type\n";

				# unary operators should have a space before and
				# none after.  May be left adjacent to another
				# unary operator, or a cast
				} elsif ($op eq '!' || $op eq '~' ||
					 $opv eq '*U' || $opv eq '-U' ||
					 $opv eq '&U' || $opv eq '&&U') {
					if ($ctx !~ /[WEBC]x./ && $ca !~ /(?:\)|!|~|\*|-|\&|\||\+\+|\-\-|\{)$/) {
						ERROR("space required before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}
					if ($op eq '*' && $cc =~/\s*$Modifier\b/) {
						# A unary '*' may be const

					} elsif ($ctx =~ /.xW/) {
						ERROR("space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}

				# unary ++ and unary -- are allowed no space on one side.
				} elsif ($op eq '++' or $op eq '--') {
					if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) {
						ERROR("space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}
					if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ ||
					    ($ctx =~ /Wx./ && $cc =~ /^;/)) {
						ERROR("space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}
					if ($ctx =~ /ExW/) {
						ERROR("space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}


				# << and >> may either have or not have spaces both sides
				} elsif ($op eq '<<' or $op eq '>>' or
					 $op eq '&' or $op eq '^' or $op eq '|' or
					 $op eq '+' or $op eq '-' or
					 $op eq '*' or $op eq '/' or
					 $op eq '%')
				{
					if ($ctx =~ /Wx[^WCE]|[^WCE]xW/) {
						ERROR("need consistent spacing around '$op' $at\n" .
							$hereptr);
					}

				# A colon needs no spaces before when it is
				# terminating a case value or a label.
				} elsif ($opv eq ':C' || $opv eq ':L') {
					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./) {
						ERROR("space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}

				# All the others need spaces both sides.
				} elsif ($ctx !~ /[EWC]x[CWE]/) {
					my $ok = 0;

					# Ignore email addresses <foo@bar>
					if (($op eq '<' &&
					     $cc =~ /^\S+\@\S+>/) ||
					    ($op eq '>' &&
					     $ca =~ /<\S+\@\S+$/))
					{
					    	$ok = 1;
					}

					# Ignore ?:
					if (($opv eq ':O' && $ca =~ /\?$/) ||
					    ($op eq '?' && $cc =~ /^:/)) {
					    	$ok = 1;
					}

					if ($ok == 0) {
						ERROR("spaces required around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
					}
				}
				$off += length($elements[$n + 1]);
			}
		}

# check for multiple assignments
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Lval\s*=\s*$Lval\s*=(?!=)/) {
			CHK("multiple assignments should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
		}

## # check for multiple declarations, allowing for a function declaration
## # continuation.
## 		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Ident.*/ &&
## 		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident.*/) {
##
## 			# Remove any bracketed sections to ensure we do not
## 			# falsly report the parameters of functions.
## 			my $ln = $line;
## 			while ($ln =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g) {
## 			}
## 			if ($ln =~ /,/) {
## 				WARN("declaring multiple variables together should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
## 			}
## 		}

#need space before brace following if, while, etc
		if (($line =~ /\(.*\){/ && $line !~ /\($Type\){/) ||
		    $line =~ /do{/) {
			ERROR("space required before the open brace '{'\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# closing brace should have a space following it when it has anything
# on the line
		if ($line =~ /}(?!(?:,|;|\)))\S/) {
			ERROR("space required after that close brace '}'\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check spacing on square brackets
		if ($line =~ /\[\s/ && $line !~ /\[\s*$/) {
			ERROR("space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr);
		}
		if ($line =~ /\s\]/) {
			ERROR("space prohibited before that close square bracket ']'\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check spacing on parentheses
		if ($line =~ /\(\s/ && $line !~ /\(\s*(?:\\)?$/ &&
		    $line !~ /for\s*\(\s+;/) {
			ERROR("space prohibited after that open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
		}
		if ($line =~ /(\s+)\)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\)/ &&
		    $line !~ /for\s*\(.*;\s+\)/ &&
		    $line !~ /:\s+\)/) {
			ERROR("space prohibited before that close parenthesis ')'\n" . $herecurr);
		}

#goto labels aren't indented, allow a single space however
		if ($line=~/^.\s+[A-Za-z\d_]+:(?![0-9]+)/ and
		   !($line=~/^. [A-Za-z\d_]+:/) and !($line=~/^.\s+default:/)) {
			WARN("labels should not be indented\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# Return is not a function.
		if (defined($stat) && $stat =~ /^.\s*return(\s*)(\(.*);/s) {
			my $spacing = $1;
			my $value = $2;

			# Flatten any parentheses
			$value =~ s/\(/ \(/g;
			$value =~ s/\)/\) /g;
			while ($value =~ s/\[[^\{\}]*\]/1/ ||
			       $value !~ /(?:$Ident|-?$Constant)\s*
					     $Compare\s*
					     (?:$Ident|-?$Constant)/x &&
			       $value =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)/1/) {
			}
#print "value<$value>\n";
			if ($value =~ /^\s*(?:$Ident|-?$Constant)\s*$/) {
				ERROR("return is not a function, parentheses are not required\n" . $herecurr);

			} elsif ($spacing !~ /\s+/) {
				ERROR("space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}
# Return of what appears to be an errno should normally be -'ve
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*return\s*(E[A-Z]*)\s*;/) {
			my $name = $1;
			if ($name ne 'EOF' && $name ne 'ERROR') {
				WARN("return of an errno should typically be -ve (return -$1)\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}

# typecasts on min/max could be min_t/max_t
		if ($line =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\b(min|max)\s*\($Typecast{0,1}($LvalOrFunc)\s*,\s*$Typecast{0,1}($LvalOrFunc)\s*\)/) {
			if (defined $2 || defined $8) {
				my $call = $1;
				my $cast1 = deparenthesize($2);
				my $arg1 = $3;
				my $cast2 = deparenthesize($8);
				my $arg2 = $9;
				my $cast;

				if ($cast1 ne "" && $cast2 ne "") {
					$cast = "$cast1 or $cast2";
				} elsif ($cast1 ne "") {
					$cast = $cast1;
				} else {
					$cast = $cast2;
				}
				WARN("$call() should probably be ${call}_t($cast, $arg1, $arg2)\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}

# Need a space before open parenthesis after if, while etc
		if ($line=~/\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/) {
			ERROR("space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# Check for illegal assignment in if conditional -- and check for trailing
# statements after the conditional.
		if ($line =~ /do\s*(?!{)/) {
			my ($stat_next) = ctx_statement_block($line_nr_next,
						$remain_next, $off_next);
			$stat_next =~ s/\n./\n /g;
			##print "stat<$stat> stat_next<$stat_next>\n";

			if ($stat_next =~ /^\s*while\b/) {
				# If the statement carries leading newlines,
				# then count those as offsets.
				my ($whitespace) =
					($stat_next =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
				my $offset =
					statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;

				$suppress_whiletrailers{$line_nr_next +
								$offset} = 1;
			}
		}
		if (!defined $suppress_whiletrailers{$linenr} &&
		    $line =~ /\b(?:if|while|for)\s*\(/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/) {
			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);

			if ($c =~ /\bif\s*\(.*[^<>!=]=[^=].*/s) {
				ERROR("do not use assignment in if condition\n" . $herecurr);
			}

			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
			# conditional.
			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
			$s =~ s/$;//g; 	# Remove any comments
			if (length($c) && $s !~ /^\s*{?\s*\\*\s*$/ &&
			    $c !~ /}\s*while\s*/)
			{
				# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
				my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
				my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
				my $stat_real = '';

				$stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines)
							. "\n" if ($cond_lines);
				if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
					$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
				}

				ERROR("trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr . $stat_real);
			}
		}

# Check for bitwise tests written as boolean
		if ($line =~ /
			(?:
				(?:\[|\(|\&\&|\|\|)
				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
			|
				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
				(?:\&\&|\|\||\)|\])
			)/x)
		{
			WARN("boolean test with hexadecimal, perhaps just 1 \& or \|?\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# if and else should not have general statements after it
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:}\s*)?else\b(.*)/) {
			my $s = $1;
			$s =~ s/$;//g; 	# Remove any comments
			if ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\sif|(?:{|)\s*\\?\s*$)/) {
				ERROR("trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}
# if should not continue a brace
		if ($line =~ /}\s*if\b/) {
			ERROR("trailing statements should be on next line\n" .
				$herecurr);
		}
# case and default should not have general statements after them
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:case\s*.*|default\s*):/g &&
		    $line !~ /\G(?:
			(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*{)?(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*\\)?\s*$|
			\s*return\s+
		    )/xg)
		{
			ERROR("trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
		}

		# Check for }<nl>else {, these must be at the same
		# indent level to be relevant to each other.
		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*else\s*/ and
						$previndent == $indent) {
			ERROR("else should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev);
		}

		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*while\s*/ and
						$previndent == $indent) {
			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);

			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
			# conditional.
			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;

			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/) {
				ERROR("while should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev);
			}
		}

#studly caps, commented out until figure out how to distinguish between use of existing and adding new
#		if (($line=~/[\w_][a-z\d]+[A-Z]/) and !($line=~/print/)) {
#		    print "No studly caps, use _\n";
#		    print "$herecurr";
#		    $clean = 0;
#		}

#no spaces allowed after \ in define
		if ($line=~/\#\s*define.*\\\s$/) {
			WARN("Whitepspace after \\ makes next lines useless\n" . $herecurr);
		}

#warn if <asm/foo.h> is #included and <linux/foo.h> is available (uses RAW line)
		if ($tree && $rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s*\<asm\/(.*)\.h\>}) {
			my $file = "$1.h";
			my $checkfile = "include/linux/$file";
			if (-f "$root/$checkfile" &&
			    $realfile ne $checkfile &&
			    $1 !~ /$allowed_asm_includes/)
			{
				if ($realfile =~ m{^arch/}) {
					CHK("Consider using #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
				} else {
					WARN("Use #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
				}
			}
		}

# multi-statement macros should be enclosed in a do while loop, grab the
# first statement and ensure its the whole macro if its not enclosed
# in a known good container
		if ($realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$Ident(\()?/) {
			my $ln = $linenr;
			my $cnt = $realcnt;
			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
			my $ctx = '';

			my $args = defined($1);

			# Find the end of the macro and limit our statement
			# search to that.
			while ($cnt > 0 && defined $lines[$ln - 1] &&
				$lines[$ln - 1] =~ /^(?:-|..*\\$)/)
			{
				$ctx .= $rawlines[$ln - 1] . "\n";
				$cnt-- if ($lines[$ln - 1] !~ /^-/);
				$ln++;
			}
			$ctx .= $rawlines[$ln - 1];

			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $ln - $linenr + 1, 0);
			#print "dstat<$dstat> dcond<$dcond> cnt<$cnt> off<$off>\n";
			#print "LINE<$lines[$ln-1]> len<" . length($lines[$ln-1]) . "\n";

			# Extract the remainder of the define (if any) and
			# rip off surrounding spaces, and trailing \'s.
			$rest = '';
			while ($off != 0 || ($cnt > 0 && $rest =~ /\\\s*$/)) {
				#print "ADDING cnt<$cnt> $off <" . substr($lines[$ln - 1], $off) . "> rest<$rest>\n";
				if ($off != 0 || $lines[$ln - 1] !~ /^-/) {
					$rest .= substr($lines[$ln - 1], $off) . "\n";
					$cnt--;
				}
				$ln++;
				$off = 0;
			}
			$rest =~ s/\\\n.//g;
			$rest =~ s/^\s*//s;
			$rest =~ s/\s*$//s;

			# Clean up the original statement.
			if ($args) {
				substr($dstat, 0, length($dcond), '');
			} else {
				$dstat =~ s/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident\s*//;
			}
			$dstat =~ s/$;//g;
			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
			$dstat =~ s/^\s*//s;
			$dstat =~ s/\s*$//s;

			# Flatten any parentheses and braces
			while ($dstat =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)/1/ ||
			       $dstat =~ s/\{[^\{\}]*\}/1/ ||
			       $dstat =~ s/\[[^\{\}]*\]/1/)
			{
			}

			my $exceptions = qr{
				$Declare|
				module_param_named|
				MODULE_PARAM_DESC|
				DECLARE_PER_CPU|
				DEFINE_PER_CPU|
				__typeof__\(|
				union|
				struct|
				\.$Ident\s*=\s*|
				^\"|\"$
			}x;
			#print "REST<$rest> dstat<$dstat> ctx<$ctx>\n";
			if ($rest ne '' && $rest ne ',') {
				if ($rest !~ /while\s*\(/ &&
				    $dstat !~ /$exceptions/)
				{
					ERROR("Macros with multiple statements should be enclosed in a do - while loop\n" . "$here\n$ctx\n");
				}

			} elsif ($ctx !~ /;/) {
				if ($dstat ne '' &&
				    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant)$/ &&
				    $dstat !~ /$exceptions/ &&
				    $dstat !~ /^\.$Ident\s*=/ &&
				    $dstat =~ /$Operators/)
				{
					ERROR("Macros with complex values should be enclosed in parenthesis\n" . "$here\n$ctx\n");
				}
			}
		}

# make sure symbols are always wrapped with VMLINUX_SYMBOL() ...
# all assignments may have only one of the following with an assignment:
#	.
#	ALIGN(...)
#	VMLINUX_SYMBOL(...)
		if ($realfile eq 'vmlinux.lds.h' && $line =~ /(?:(?:^|\s)$Ident\s*=|=\s*$Ident(?:\s|$))/) {
			WARN("vmlinux.lds.h needs VMLINUX_SYMBOL() around C-visible symbols\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for redundant bracing round if etc
		if ($line =~ /(^.*)\bif\b/ && $1 !~ /else\s*$/) {
			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1);
			#print "chunks<$#chunks> linenr<$linenr> endln<$endln> level<$level>\n";
			#print "APW: <<$chunks[1][0]>><<$chunks[1][1]>>\n";
			if ($#chunks > 0 && $level == 0) {
				my $allowed = 0;
				my $seen = 0;
				my $herectx = $here . "\n";
				my $ln = $linenr - 1;
				for my $chunk (@chunks) {
					my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunk};

					# If the condition carries leading newlines, then count those as offsets.
					my ($whitespace) = ($cond =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
					my $offset = statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;

					#print "COND<$cond> whitespace<$whitespace> offset<$offset>\n";

					# We have looked at and allowed this specific line.
					$suppress_ifbraces{$ln + $offset} = 1;

					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$ln + $offset]\n[...]\n";
					$ln += statement_rawlines($block) - 1;

					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');

					$seen++ if ($block =~ /^\s*{/);

					#print "cond<$cond> block<$block> allowed<$allowed>\n";
					if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
						#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
						$allowed = 1;
					}
					if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
						#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
						$allowed = 1;
					}
					if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
						#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
						$allowed = 1;
					}
				}
				if ($seen && !$allowed) {
					WARN("braces {} are not necessary for any arm of this statement\n" . $herectx);
				}
			}
		}
		if (!defined $suppress_ifbraces{$linenr - 1} &&
					$line =~ /\b(if|while|for|else)\b/) {
			my $allowed = 0;

			# Check the pre-context.
			if (substr($line, 0, $-[0]) =~ /(\}\s*)$/) {
				#print "APW: ALLOWED: pre<$1>\n";
				$allowed = 1;
			}

			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, $-[0]);

			# Check the condition.
			my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[0]};
			#print "CHECKING<$linenr> cond<$cond> block<$block>\n";
			if (defined $cond) {
				substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
			}
			if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
				#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
				$allowed = 1;
			}
			if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
				#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
				$allowed = 1;
			}
			if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
				#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
				$allowed = 1;
			}
			# Check the post-context.
			if (defined $chunks[1]) {
				my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[1]};
				if (defined $cond) {
					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
				}
				if ($block =~ /^\s*\{/) {
					#print "APW: ALLOWED: chunk-1 block<$block>\n";
					$allowed = 1;
				}
			}
			if ($level == 0 && $block =~ /^\s*\{/ && !$allowed) {
				my $herectx = $here . "\n";;
				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($block);

				for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
					$herectx .= raw_line($linenr, $n) . "\n";;
				}

				WARN("braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks\n" . $herectx);
			}
		}

# don't include deprecated include files (uses RAW line)
		for my $inc (@dep_includes) {
			if ($rawline =~ m@^.\s*\#\s*include\s*\<$inc>@) {
				ERROR("Don't use <$inc>: see Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}

# don't use deprecated functions
		for my $func (@dep_functions) {
			if ($line =~ /\b$func\b/) {
				ERROR("Don't use $func(): see Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}

# no volatiles please
		my $asm_volatile = qr{\b(__asm__|asm)\s+(__volatile__|volatile)\b};
		if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) {
			WARN("Use of volatile is usually wrong: see Documentation/volatile-considered-harmful.txt\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# warn about #if 0
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+0\b/) {
			CHK("if this code is redundant consider removing it\n" .
				$herecurr);
		}

# check for needless kfree() checks
		if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(([^\)]*)\)/) {
			my $expr = $1;
			if ($line =~ /\bkfree\(\Q$expr\E\);/) {
				WARN("kfree(NULL) is safe this check is probably not required\n" . $hereprev);
			}
		}
# check for needless usb_free_urb() checks
		if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(([^\)]*)\)/) {
			my $expr = $1;
			if ($line =~ /\busb_free_urb\(\Q$expr\E\);/) {
				WARN("usb_free_urb(NULL) is safe this check is probably not required\n" . $hereprev);
			}
		}

# prefer usleep_range over udelay
		if ($line =~ /\budelay\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*\)/) {
			# ignore udelay's < 10, however
			if (! (($1 =~ /(\d+)/) && ($1 < 10)) ) {
				CHK("usleep_range is preferred over udelay; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . $line);
			}
		}

# warn about unexpectedly long msleep's
		if ($line =~ /\bmsleep\s*\((\d+)\);/) {
			if ($1 < 20) {
				WARN("msleep < 20ms can sleep for up to 20ms; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt\n" . $line);
			}
		}

# warn about #ifdefs in C files
#		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if(|n)def/ && ($realfile =~ /\.c$/)) {
#			print "#ifdef in C files should be avoided\n";
#			print "$herecurr";
#			$clean = 0;
#		}

# warn about spacing in #ifdefs
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif)\s\s+/) {
			ERROR("exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for spinlock_t definitions without a comment.
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(struct\s+mutex|spinlock_t)\s+\S+;/ ||
		    $line =~ /^.\s*(DEFINE_MUTEX)\s*\(/) {
			my $which = $1;
			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
				CHK("$1 definition without comment\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}
# check for memory barriers without a comment.
		if ($line =~ /\b(mb|rmb|wmb|read_barrier_depends|smp_mb|smp_rmb|smp_wmb|smp_read_barrier_depends)\(/) {
			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
				CHK("memory barrier without comment\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}
# check of hardware specific defines
		if ($line =~ m@^.\s*\#\s*if.*\b(__i386__|__powerpc64__|__sun__|__s390x__)\b@ && $realfile !~ m@include/asm-@) {
			CHK("architecture specific defines should be avoided\n" .  $herecurr);
		}

# Check that the storage class is at the beginning of a declaration
		if ($line =~ /\b$Storage\b/ && $line !~ /^.\s*$Storage\b/) {
			WARN("storage class should be at the beginning of the declaration\n" . $herecurr)
		}

# check the location of the inline attribute, that it is between
# storage class and type.
		if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ ||
		    $line =~ /\b$Inline\s+$Storage\b/) {
			ERROR("inline keyword should sit between storage class and type\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# Check for __inline__ and __inline, prefer inline
		if ($line =~ /\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/) {
			WARN("plain inline is preferred over $1\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# Check for __attribute__ packed, prefer __packed
		if ($line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(.*\bpacked\b/) {
			WARN("__packed is preferred over __attribute__((packed))\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# Check for __attribute__ aligned, prefer __aligned
		if ($line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(.*aligned/) {
			WARN("__aligned(size) is preferred over __attribute__((aligned(size)))\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for sizeof(&)
		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s*\(\s*\&/) {
			WARN("sizeof(& should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for line continuations in quoted strings with odd counts of "
		if ($rawline =~ /\\$/ && $rawline =~ tr/"/"/ % 2) {
			WARN("Avoid line continuations in quoted strings\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for new externs in .c files.
		if ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s+($Ident)(\s*)\(/s)
		{
			my $function_name = $1;
			my $paren_space = $2;

			my $s = $stat;
			if (defined $cond) {
				substr($s, 0, length($cond), '');
			}
			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/ &&
			    $function_name ne 'uninitialized_var')
			{
				WARN("externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
			}

			if ($paren_space =~ /\n/) {
				WARN("arguments for function declarations should follow identifier\n" . $herecurr);
			}

		} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
		    $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/)
		{
			WARN("externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
		}

# checks for new __setup's
		if ($rawline =~ /\b__setup\("([^"]*)"/) {
			my $name = $1;

			if (!grep(/$name/, @setup_docs)) {
				CHK("__setup appears un-documented -- check Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt\n" . $herecurr);
			}
		}

# check for pointless casting of kmalloc return
		if ($line =~ /\*\s*\)\s*[kv][czm]alloc(_node){0,1}\b/) {
			WARN("unnecessary cast may hide bugs, see http://c-faq.com/malloc/mallocnocast.html\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for multiple semicolons
		if ($line =~ /;\s*;\s*$/) {
		    WARN("Statements terminations use 1 semicolon\n" . $herecurr);
		}

# check for gcc specific __FUNCTION__
		if ($line =~ /__FUNCTION__/) {
			WARN("__func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__\n"  . $herecurr);
		}

# check for semaphores initialized locked
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*sema_init.+,\W?0\W?\)/) {
			WARN("consider using a completion\n" . $herecurr);

		}
# recommend kstrto* over simple_strto*
		if ($line =~ /\bsimple_(strto.*?)\s*\(/) {
			WARN("consider using kstrto* in preference to simple_$1\n" . $herecurr);
		}
# check for __initcall(), use device_initcall() explicitly please
		if ($line =~ /^.\s*__initcall\s*\(/) {
			WARN("please use device_initcall() instead of __initcall()\n" . $herecurr);
		}
# check for various ops structs, ensure they are const.
		my $struct_ops = qr{acpi_dock_ops|
				address_space_operations|
				backlight_ops|
				block_device_operations|
				dentry_operations|
				dev_pm_ops|
				dma_map_ops|
				extent_io_ops|
				file_lock_operations|
				file_operations|
				hv_ops|
				ide_dma_ops|
				intel_dvo_dev_ops|
				item_operations|
				iwl_ops|
				kgdb_arch|
				kgdb_io|
				kset_uevent_ops|
				lock_manager_operations|
				microcode_ops|
				mtrr_ops|
				neigh_ops|
				nlmsvc_binding|
				pci_raw_ops|
				pipe_buf_operations|
				platform_hibernation_ops|
				platform_suspend_ops|