efi/libstub: Implement printk-style logging

Use the efi_printk function in efi_info/efi_err, and add efi_debug. This
allows formatted output at different log levels.

Add the notion of a loglevel instead of just quiet/not-quiet, and
parse the efi=debug kernel parameter in addition to quiet.

Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200520170223.GA3333632@rani.riverdale.lan/


Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>