efi/printf: Factor out flags parsing and handle '%' earlier

Move flags parsing code out into a helper function.

The '%%' case can be handled up front: it is not allowed to have flags,
width etc.

Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200518190716.751506-9-nivedita@alum.mit.edu


Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>