ALSA: hda - Make codec-probing more robust

When an error occurs during the codec probing, typically accessing to an
non-existing codec slot, the controller chip gets often screwed up and
can no longer communicate with the codecs.

This patch adds a preparation phase just to probe codec addresses before
actually creating codec instances.  If any error occurs during this
probing phase, the driver resets the controller to recover.

This will (hopefully) fix the famous "single_cmd" errors.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>