mtd: core: Check devicetree alias for index

Allow the MTD index to be specified via a devicetree alias, so that the
number does not just depend on probe order.  This is useful to allow
pseudo-devices like phram to be optionally used on systems, without
having this affect the numbering of the real hardware MTD devices.

Signed-off-by: Vincent Whitchurch <vincent.whitchurch@axis.com>
Signed-off-by: Miquel Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mtd/20220412135302.1682890-2-vincent.whitchurch@axis.com