mmc: core: Avoid hogging the CPU while polling for busy in the I/O err path

When mmc_blk_fix_state() sends a CMD12 to try to move the card into the
transfer state, it calls card_busy_detect() to poll for the card's state
with CMD13. This is done without any delays in between the commands being
sent.

Rather than fixing card_busy_detect() in this regards, let's instead
convert into using the common mmc_poll_for_busy(), which also helps us to
avoid open-coding.

Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Shawn Lin <shawn.lin@rock-chips.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210702134229.357717-2-ulf.hansson@linaro.org