rbd: don't use sscanf() in rbd_add_parse_args()

Make use of a few simple helper routines to parse the arguments
rather than sscanf().  This will treat both missing and too-long
arguments as invalid input (rather than silently truncating the
input in the too-long case).  In time this can also be used by
rbd_add() to use the passed-in buffer in place, rather than copying
its contents into new buffers.

It appears to me that the sscanf() previously used would not
correctly handle a supplied snapshot--the two final "%s" conversion
specifications were not separated by a space, and I'm not sure
how sscanf() handles that situation.  It may not be well-defined.
So that may be a bug this change fixes (but I didn't verify that).

The sizes of the mon_addrs and options buffers are now passed to
rbd_add_parse_args(), so they can be supplied to copy_token().

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@dreamhost.com>