PCI: Add pci_speed_string()

Add pci_speed_string() to return a text description of the supplied bus or
link speed.  The slot code previously used the private
pci_bus_speed_strings[] array for this purpose, but adding this interface
will enable us to consolidate similar code elsewhere.

Export pcie_link_speed[] and pci_speed_string() so they can be used by
modules.

Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>