hda_intel.c

/*
 *
 *  hda_intel.c - Implementation of primary alsa driver code base
 *                for Intel HD Audio.
 *
 *  Copyright(c) 2004 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *                     PeiSen Hou <pshou@realtek.com.tw>
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
 *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
 *  any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
 *  more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
 *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
 *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 *
 *  CONTACTS:
 *
 *  Matt Jared		matt.jared@intel.com
 *  Andy Kopp		andy.kopp@intel.com
 *  Dan Kogan		dan.d.kogan@intel.com
 *
 *  CHANGES:
 *
 *  2004.12.01	Major rewrite by tiwai, merged the work of pshou
 * 
 */

#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/reboot.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
#include <linux/clocksource.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_X86
/* for snoop control */
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#endif
#include <sound/core.h>
#include <sound/initval.h>
#include <linux/vgaarb.h>
#include <linux/vga_switcheroo.h>
#include <linux/firmware.h>
#include "hda_codec.h"
#include "hda_i915.h"
#include "hda_controller.h"
#include "hda_priv.h"


static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX;
static char *id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR;
static bool enable[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_ENABLE_PNP;
static char *model[SNDRV_CARDS];
static int position_fix[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1};
static int bdl_pos_adj[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1};
static int probe_mask[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1};
static int probe_only[SNDRV_CARDS];
static int jackpoll_ms[SNDRV_CARDS];
static bool single_cmd;
static int enable_msi = -1;
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER
static char *patch[SNDRV_CARDS];
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP
static bool beep_mode[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] =
					CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE};
#endif

module_param_array(index, int, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(index, "Index value for Intel HD audio interface.");
module_param_array(id, charp, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(id, "ID string for Intel HD audio interface.");
module_param_array(enable, bool, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable Intel HD audio interface.");
module_param_array(model, charp, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(model, "Use the given board model.");
module_param_array(position_fix, int, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(position_fix, "DMA pointer read method."
		 "(-1 = system default, 0 = auto, 1 = LPIB, 2 = POSBUF, 3 = VIACOMBO, 4 = COMBO).");
module_param_array(bdl_pos_adj, int, NULL, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(bdl_pos_adj, "BDL position adjustment offset.");
module_param_array(probe_mask, int, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(probe_mask, "Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1).");
module_param_array(probe_only, int, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(probe_only, "Only probing and no codec initialization.");
module_param_array(jackpoll_ms, int, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(jackpoll_ms, "Ms between polling for jack events (default = 0, using unsol events only)");
module_param(single_cmd, bool, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(single_cmd, "Use single command to communicate with codecs "
		 "(for debugging only).");
module_param(enable_msi, bint, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable_msi, "Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI)");
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER
module_param_array(patch, charp, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(patch, "Patch file for Intel HD audio interface.");
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP
module_param_array(beep_mode, bool, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(beep_mode, "Select HDA Beep registration mode "
			    "(0=off, 1=on) (default=1).");
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
static int param_set_xint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
static struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_xint = {
	.set = param_set_xint,
	.get = param_get_int,
};
#define param_check_xint param_check_int

static int power_save = CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE_DEFAULT;
static int *power_save_addr = &power_save;
module_param(power_save, xint, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(power_save, "Automatic power-saving timeout "
		 "(in second, 0 = disable).");

/* reset the HD-audio controller in power save mode.
 * this may give more power-saving, but will take longer time to
 * wake up.
 */
static bool power_save_controller = 1;
module_param(power_save_controller, bool, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(power_save_controller, "Reset controller in power save mode.");
#else
static int *power_save_addr;
#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

static int align_buffer_size = -1;
module_param(align_buffer_size, bint, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(align_buffer_size,
		"Force buffer and period sizes to be multiple of 128 bytes.");

#ifdef CONFIG_X86
static bool hda_snoop = true;
module_param_named(snoop, hda_snoop, bool, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(snoop, "Enable/disable snooping");
#else
#define hda_snoop		true
#endif


MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Intel, ICH6},"
			 "{Intel, ICH6M},"
			 "{Intel, ICH7},"
			 "{Intel, ESB2},"
			 "{Intel, ICH8},"
			 "{Intel, ICH9},"
			 "{Intel, ICH10},"
			 "{Intel, PCH},"
			 "{Intel, CPT},"
			 "{Intel, PPT},"
			 "{Intel, LPT},"
			 "{Intel, LPT_LP},"
			 "{Intel, WPT_LP},"
			 "{Intel, HPT},"
			 "{Intel, PBG},"
			 "{Intel, SCH},"
			 "{ATI, SB450},"
			 "{ATI, SB600},"
			 "{ATI, RS600},"
			 "{ATI, RS690},"
			 "{ATI, RS780},"
			 "{ATI, R600},"
			 "{ATI, RV630},"
			 "{ATI, RV610},"
			 "{ATI, RV670},"
			 "{ATI, RV635},"
			 "{ATI, RV620},"
			 "{ATI, RV770},"
			 "{VIA, VT8251},"
			 "{VIA, VT8237A},"
			 "{SiS, SIS966},"
			 "{ULI, M5461}}");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Intel HDA driver");

#if defined(CONFIG_PM) && defined(CONFIG_VGA_SWITCHEROO)
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_HDA_CODEC_HDMI)
#define SUPPORT_VGA_SWITCHEROO
#endif
#endif


/*
 */

/* driver types */
enum {
	AZX_DRIVER_ICH,
	AZX_DRIVER_PCH,
	AZX_DRIVER_SCH,
	AZX_DRIVER_HDMI,
	AZX_DRIVER_ATI,
	AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI,
	AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS,
	AZX_DRIVER_VIA,
	AZX_DRIVER_SIS,
	AZX_DRIVER_ULI,
	AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA,
	AZX_DRIVER_TERA,
	AZX_DRIVER_CTX,
	AZX_DRIVER_CTHDA,
	AZX_DRIVER_GENERIC,
	AZX_NUM_DRIVERS, /* keep this as last entry */
};

/* quirks for Intel PCH */
#define AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_PCH_NOPM \
	(AZX_DCAPS_SCH_SNOOP | AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE | \
	 AZX_DCAPS_COUNT_LPIB_DELAY)

#define AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_PCH \
	(AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_PCH_NOPM | AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME)

#define AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_HASWELL \
	(AZX_DCAPS_SCH_SNOOP | AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE | \
	 AZX_DCAPS_COUNT_LPIB_DELAY | AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME | \
	 AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL)

/* quirks for ATI SB / AMD Hudson */
#define AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_SB \
	(AZX_DCAPS_ATI_SNOOP | AZX_DCAPS_NO_TCSEL | \
	 AZX_DCAPS_SYNC_WRITE | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB)

/* quirks for ATI/AMD HDMI */
#define AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI \
	(AZX_DCAPS_NO_TCSEL | AZX_DCAPS_SYNC_WRITE | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB)

/* quirks for Nvidia */
#define AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_NVIDIA \
	(AZX_DCAPS_NVIDIA_SNOOP | AZX_DCAPS_RIRB_DELAY | AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI |\
	 AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE | AZX_DCAPS_NO_64BIT)

#define AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_CTHDA \
	(AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB | AZX_DCAPS_4K_BDLE_BOUNDARY)

/*
 * VGA-switcher support
 */
#ifdef SUPPORT_VGA_SWITCHEROO
#define use_vga_switcheroo(chip)	((chip)->use_vga_switcheroo)
#else
#define use_vga_switcheroo(chip)	0
#endif

static char *driver_short_names[] = {
	[AZX_DRIVER_ICH] = "HDA Intel",
	[AZX_DRIVER_PCH] = "HDA Intel PCH",
	[AZX_DRIVER_SCH] = "HDA Intel MID",
	[AZX_DRIVER_HDMI] = "HDA Intel HDMI",
	[AZX_DRIVER_ATI] = "HDA ATI SB",
	[AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI] = "HDA ATI HDMI",
	[AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS] = "HDA ATI HDMI",
	[AZX_DRIVER_VIA] = "HDA VIA VT82xx",
	[AZX_DRIVER_SIS] = "HDA SIS966",
	[AZX_DRIVER_ULI] = "HDA ULI M5461",
	[AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA] = "HDA NVidia",
	[AZX_DRIVER_TERA] = "HDA Teradici", 
	[AZX_DRIVER_CTX] = "HDA Creative", 
	[AZX_DRIVER_CTHDA] = "HDA Creative",
	[AZX_DRIVER_GENERIC] = "HD-Audio Generic",
};

#ifdef CONFIG_X86
static void __mark_pages_wc(struct azx *chip, struct snd_dma_buffer *dmab, bool on)
{
	int pages;

	if (azx_snoop(chip))
		return;
	if (!dmab || !dmab->area || !dmab->bytes)
		return;

#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DMA_SGBUF
	if (dmab->dev.type == SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_SG) {
		struct snd_sg_buf *sgbuf = dmab->private_data;
		if (on)
			set_pages_array_wc(sgbuf->page_table, sgbuf->pages);
		else
			set_pages_array_wb(sgbuf->page_table, sgbuf->pages);
		return;
	}
#endif

	pages = (dmab->bytes + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	if (on)
		set_memory_wc((unsigned long)dmab->area, pages);
	else
		set_memory_wb((unsigned long)dmab->area, pages);
}

static inline void mark_pages_wc(struct azx *chip, struct snd_dma_buffer *buf,
				 bool on)
{
	__mark_pages_wc(chip, buf, on);
}
static inline void mark_runtime_wc(struct azx *chip, struct azx_dev *azx_dev,
				   struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, bool on)
{
	if (azx_dev->wc_marked != on) {
		__mark_pages_wc(chip, snd_pcm_get_dma_buf(substream), on);
		azx_dev->wc_marked = on;
	}
}
#else
/* NOP for other archs */
static inline void mark_pages_wc(struct azx *chip, struct snd_dma_buffer *buf,
				 bool on)
{
}
static inline void mark_runtime_wc(struct azx *chip, struct azx_dev *azx_dev,
				   struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, bool on)
{
}
#endif

static int azx_acquire_irq(struct azx *chip, int do_disconnect);

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
static void azx_power_notify(struct hda_bus *bus, bool power_up);
#endif

/*
 * initialize the PCI registers
 */
/* update bits in a PCI register byte */
static void update_pci_byte(struct pci_dev *pci, unsigned int reg,
			    unsigned char mask, unsigned char val)
{
	unsigned char data;

	pci_read_config_byte(pci, reg, &data);
	data &= ~mask;
	data |= (val & mask);
	pci_write_config_byte(pci, reg, data);
}

static void azx_init_pci(struct azx *chip)
{
	/* Clear bits 0-2 of PCI register TCSEL (at offset 0x44)
	 * TCSEL == Traffic Class Select Register, which sets PCI express QOS
	 * Ensuring these bits are 0 clears playback static on some HD Audio
	 * codecs.
	 * The PCI register TCSEL is defined in the Intel manuals.
	 */
	if (!(chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_NO_TCSEL)) {
		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Clearing TCSEL\n");
		update_pci_byte(chip->pci, ICH6_PCIREG_TCSEL, 0x07, 0);
	}

	/* For ATI SB450/600/700/800/900 and AMD Hudson azalia HD audio,
	 * we need to enable snoop.
	 */
	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_ATI_SNOOP) {
		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Setting ATI snoop: %d\n",
			azx_snoop(chip));
		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
				ATI_SB450_HDAUDIO_MISC_CNTR2_ADDR, 0x07,
				azx_snoop(chip) ? ATI_SB450_HDAUDIO_ENABLE_SNOOP : 0);
	}

	/* For NVIDIA HDA, enable snoop */
	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_NVIDIA_SNOOP) {
		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Setting Nvidia snoop: %d\n",
			azx_snoop(chip));
		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
				NVIDIA_HDA_TRANSREG_ADDR,
				0x0f, NVIDIA_HDA_ENABLE_COHBITS);
		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
				NVIDIA_HDA_ISTRM_COH,
				0x01, NVIDIA_HDA_ENABLE_COHBIT);
		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
				NVIDIA_HDA_OSTRM_COH,
				0x01, NVIDIA_HDA_ENABLE_COHBIT);
	}

	/* Enable SCH/PCH snoop if needed */
	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_SCH_SNOOP) {
		unsigned short snoop;
		pci_read_config_word(chip->pci, INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC, &snoop);
		if ((!azx_snoop(chip) && !(snoop & INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP)) ||
		    (azx_snoop(chip) && (snoop & INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP))) {
			snoop &= ~INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP;
			if (!azx_snoop(chip))
				snoop |= INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP;
			pci_write_config_word(chip->pci, INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC, snoop);
			pci_read_config_word(chip->pci,
				INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC, &snoop);
		}
		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "SCH snoop: %s\n",
			(snoop & INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP) ?
			"Disabled" : "Enabled");
        }
}


static int azx_position_ok(struct azx *chip, struct azx_dev *azx_dev);

/*
 * interrupt handler
 */
static irqreturn_t azx_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	struct azx *chip = dev_id;
	struct azx_dev *azx_dev;
	u32 status;
	u8 sd_status;
	int i, ok;

#ifdef CONFIG_PM_RUNTIME
	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME)
		if (chip->card->dev->power.runtime_status != RPM_ACTIVE)
			return IRQ_NONE;
#endif

	spin_lock(&chip->reg_lock);

	if (chip->disabled) {
		spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
		return IRQ_NONE;
	}

	status = azx_readl(chip, INTSTS);
	if (status == 0 || status == 0xffffffff) {
		spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
		return IRQ_NONE;
	}
	
	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++) {
		azx_dev = &chip->azx_dev[i];
		if (status & azx_dev->sd_int_sta_mask) {
			sd_status = azx_sd_readb(chip, azx_dev, SD_STS);
			azx_sd_writeb(chip, azx_dev, SD_STS, SD_INT_MASK);
			if (!azx_dev->substream || !azx_dev->running ||
			    !(sd_status & SD_INT_COMPLETE))
				continue;
			/* check whether this IRQ is really acceptable */
			ok = azx_position_ok(chip, azx_dev);
			if (ok == 1) {
				azx_dev->irq_pending = 0;
				spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
				snd_pcm_period_elapsed(azx_dev->substream);
				spin_lock(&chip->reg_lock);
			} else if (ok == 0 && chip->bus && chip->bus->workq) {
				/* bogus IRQ, process it later */
				azx_dev->irq_pending = 1;
				queue_work(chip->bus->workq,
					   &chip->irq_pending_work);
			}
		}
	}

	/* clear rirb int */
	status = azx_readb(chip, RIRBSTS);
	if (status & RIRB_INT_MASK) {
		if (status & RIRB_INT_RESPONSE) {
			if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_RIRB_PRE_DELAY)
				udelay(80);
			azx_update_rirb(chip);
		}
		azx_writeb(chip, RIRBSTS, RIRB_INT_MASK);
	}

	spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
	
	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

/*
 * Probe the given codec address
 */
static int probe_codec(struct azx *chip, int addr)
{
	unsigned int cmd = (addr << 28) | (AC_NODE_ROOT << 20) |
		(AC_VERB_PARAMETERS << 8) | AC_PAR_VENDOR_ID;
	unsigned int res;

	mutex_lock(&chip->bus->cmd_mutex);
	chip->probing = 1;
	azx_send_cmd(chip->bus, cmd);
	res = azx_get_response(chip->bus, addr);
	chip->probing = 0;
	mutex_unlock(&chip->bus->cmd_mutex);
	if (res == -1)
		return -EIO;
	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "codec #%d probed OK\n", addr);
	return 0;
}

static void azx_bus_reset(struct hda_bus *bus)
{
	struct azx *chip = bus->private_data;

	bus->in_reset = 1;
	azx_stop_chip(chip);
	azx_init_chip(chip, 1);
#ifdef CONFIG_PM
	if (chip->initialized) {
		struct azx_pcm *p;
		list_for_each_entry(p, &chip->pcm_list, list)
			snd_pcm_suspend_all(p->pcm);
		snd_hda_suspend(chip->bus);
		snd_hda_resume(chip->bus);
	}
#endif
	bus->in_reset = 0;
}

static int get_jackpoll_interval(struct azx *chip)
{
	int i;
	unsigned int j;

	if (!chip->jackpoll_ms)
		return 0;

	i = chip->jackpoll_ms[chip->dev_index];
	if (i == 0)
		return 0;
	if (i < 50 || i > 60000)
		j = 0;
	else
		j = msecs_to_jiffies(i);
	if (j == 0)
		dev_warn(chip->card->dev,
			 "jackpoll_ms value out of range: %d\n", i);
	return j;
}

/*
 * Codec initialization
 */

static int azx_codec_create(struct azx *chip, const char *model,
			    unsigned int max_slots,
			    int *power_save_to)
{
	struct hda_bus_template bus_temp;
	int c, codecs, err;

	memset(&bus_temp, 0, sizeof(bus_temp));
	bus_temp.private_data = chip;
	bus_temp.modelname = model;
	bus_temp.pci = chip->pci;
	bus_temp.ops.command = azx_send_cmd;
	bus_temp.ops.get_response = azx_get_response;
	bus_temp.ops.attach_pcm = azx_attach_pcm_stream;
	bus_temp.ops.bus_reset = azx_bus_reset;
#ifdef CONFIG_PM
	bus_temp.power_save = power_save_to;
	bus_temp.ops.pm_notify = azx_power_notify;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_DSP_LOADER
	bus_temp.ops.load_dsp_prepare = azx_load_dsp_prepare;
	bus_temp.ops.load_dsp_trigger = azx_load_dsp_trigger;
	bus_temp.ops.load_dsp_cleanup = azx_load_dsp_cleanup;
#endif

	err = snd_hda_bus_new(chip->card, &bus_temp, &chip->bus);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_RIRB_DELAY) {
		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Enable delay in RIRB handling\n");
		chip->bus->needs_damn_long_delay = 1;
	}

	codecs = 0;
	if (!max_slots)
		max_slots = AZX_DEFAULT_CODECS;

	/* First try to probe all given codec slots */
	for (c = 0; c < max_slots; c++) {
		if ((chip->codec_mask & (1 << c)) & chip->codec_probe_mask) {
			if (probe_codec(chip, c) < 0) {
				/* Some BIOSen give you wrong codec addresses
				 * that don't exist
				 */
				dev_warn(chip->card->dev,
					 "Codec #%d probe error; disabling it...\n", c);
				chip->codec_mask &= ~(1 << c);
				/* More badly, accessing to a non-existing
				 * codec often screws up the controller chip,
				 * and disturbs the further communications.
				 * Thus if an error occurs during probing,
				 * better to reset the controller chip to
				 * get back to the sanity state.
				 */
				azx_stop_chip(chip);
				azx_init_chip(chip, 1);
			}
		}
	}

	/* AMD chipsets often cause the communication stalls upon certain
	 * sequence like the pin-detection.  It seems that forcing the synced
	 * access works around the stall.  Grrr...
	 */
	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_SYNC_WRITE) {
		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Enable sync_write for stable communication\n");
		chip->bus->sync_write = 1;
		chip->bus->allow_bus_reset = 1;
	}

	/* Then create codec instances */
	for (c = 0; c < max_slots; c++) {
		if ((chip->codec_mask & (1 << c)) & chip->codec_probe_mask) {
			struct hda_codec *codec;
			err = snd_hda_codec_new(chip->bus, c, &codec);
			if (err < 0)
				continue;
			codec->jackpoll_interval = get_jackpoll_interval(chip);
			codec->beep_mode = chip->beep_mode;
			codecs++;
		}
	}
	if (!codecs) {
		dev_err(chip->card->dev, "no codecs initialized\n");
		return -ENXIO;
	}
	return 0;
}

/* configure each codec instance */
static int azx_codec_configure(struct azx *chip)
{
	struct hda_codec *codec;
	list_for_each_entry(codec, &chip->bus->codec_list, list) {
		snd_hda_codec_configure(codec);
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Check whether the current DMA position is acceptable for updating
 * periods.  Returns non-zero if it's OK.
 *
 * Many HD-audio controllers appear pretty inaccurate about
 * the update-IRQ timing.  The IRQ is issued before actually the
 * data is processed.  So, we need to process it afterwords in a
 * workqueue.
 */
static int azx_position_ok(struct azx *chip, struct azx_dev *azx_dev)
{
	u32 wallclk;
	unsigned int pos;

	wallclk = azx_readl(chip, WALLCLK) - azx_dev->start_wallclk;
	if (wallclk < (azx_dev->period_wallclk * 2) / 3)
		return -1;	/* bogus (too early) interrupt */

	pos = azx_get_position(chip, azx_dev, true);

	if (WARN_ONCE(!azx_dev->period_bytes,
		      "hda-intel: zero azx_dev->period_bytes"))
		return -1; /* this shouldn't happen! */
	if (wallclk < (azx_dev->period_wallclk * 5) / 4 &&
	    pos % azx_dev->period_bytes > azx_dev->period_bytes / 2)
		/* NG - it's below the first next period boundary */
		return chip->bdl_pos_adj[chip->dev_index] ? 0 : -1;
	azx_dev->start_wallclk += wallclk;
	return 1; /* OK, it's fine */
}

/*
 * The work for pending PCM period updates.
 */
static void azx_irq_pending_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct azx *chip = container_of(work, struct azx, irq_pending_work);
	int i, pending, ok;

	if (!chip->irq_pending_warned) {
		dev_info(chip->card->dev,
			 "IRQ timing workaround is activated for card #%d. Suggest a bigger bdl_pos_adj.\n",
			 chip->card->number);
		chip->irq_pending_warned = 1;
	}

	for (;;) {
		pending = 0;
		spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
		for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++) {
			struct azx_dev *azx_dev = &chip->azx_dev[i];
			if (!azx_dev->irq_pending ||
			    !azx_dev->substream ||
			    !azx_dev->running)
				continue;
			ok = azx_position_ok(chip, azx_dev);
			if (ok > 0) {
				azx_dev->irq_pending = 0;
				spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
				snd_pcm_period_elapsed(azx_dev->substream);
				spin_lock(&chip->reg_lock);
			} else if (ok < 0) {
				pending = 0;	/* too early */
			} else
				pending++;
		}
		spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
		if (!pending)
			return;
		msleep(1);
	}
}

/* clear irq_pending flags and assure no on-going workq */
static void azx_clear_irq_pending(struct azx *chip)
{
	int i;

	spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++)
		chip->azx_dev[i].irq_pending = 0;
	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
}

/*
 * mixer creation - all stuff is implemented in hda module
 */
static int azx_mixer_create(struct azx *chip)
{
	return snd_hda_build_controls(chip->bus);
}


/*
 * initialize SD streams
 */
static int azx_init_stream(struct azx *chip)
{
	int i;

	/* initialize each stream (aka device)
	 * assign the starting bdl address to each stream (device)
	 * and initialize
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++) {
		struct azx_dev *azx_dev = &chip->azx_dev[i];
		azx_dev->posbuf = (u32 __iomem *)(chip->posbuf.area + i * 8);
		/* offset: SDI0=0x80, SDI1=0xa0, ... SDO3=0x160 */
		azx_dev->sd_addr = chip->remap_addr + (0x20 * i + 0x80);
		/* int mask: SDI0=0x01, SDI1=0x02, ... SDO3=0x80 */
		azx_dev->sd_int_sta_mask = 1 << i;
		/* stream tag: must be non-zero and unique */
		azx_dev->index = i;
		azx_dev->stream_tag = i + 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int azx_acquire_irq(struct azx *chip, int do_disconnect)
{
	if (request_irq(chip->pci->irq, azx_interrupt,
			chip->msi ? 0 : IRQF_SHARED,
			KBUILD_MODNAME, chip)) {
		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
			"unable to grab IRQ %d, disabling device\n",
			chip->pci->irq);
		if (do_disconnect)
			snd_card_disconnect(chip->card);
		return -1;
	}
	chip->irq = chip->pci->irq;
	pci_intx(chip->pci, !chip->msi);
	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
/* power-up/down the controller */
static void azx_power_notify(struct hda_bus *bus, bool power_up)
{
	struct azx *chip = bus->private_data;

	if (!(chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME))
		return;

	if (power_up)
		pm_runtime_get_sync(chip->card->dev);
	else
		pm_runtime_put_sync(chip->card->dev);
}

static DEFINE_MUTEX(card_list_lock);
static LIST_HEAD(card_list);

static void azx_add_card_list(struct azx *chip)
{
	mutex_lock(&card_list_lock);
	list_add(&chip->list, &card_list);
	mutex_unlock(&card_list_lock);
}

static void azx_del_card_list(struct azx *chip)
{
	mutex_lock(&card_list_lock);
	list_del_init(&chip->list);
	mutex_unlock(&card_list_lock);
}

/* trigger power-save check at writing parameter */
static int param_set_xint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
{
	struct azx *chip;
	struct hda_codec *c;
	int prev = power_save;
	int ret = param_set_int(val, kp);

	if (ret || prev == power_save)
		return ret;

	mutex_lock(&card_list_lock);
	list_for_each_entry(chip, &card_list, list) {
		if (!chip->bus || chip->disabled)
			continue;
		list_for_each_entry(c, &chip->bus->codec_list, list)
			snd_hda_power_sync(c);
	}
	mutex_unlock(&card_list_lock);
	return 0;
}
#else
#define azx_add_card_list(chip) /* NOP */
#define azx_del_card_list(chip) /* NOP */
#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

#if defined(CONFIG_PM_SLEEP) || defined(SUPPORT_VGA_SWITCHEROO)
/*
 * power management
 */
static int azx_suspend(struct device *dev)
{
	struct pci_dev *pci = to_pci_dev(dev);
	struct snd_card *card = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
	struct azx *chip = card->private_data;
	struct azx_pcm *p;

	if (chip->disabled)
		return 0;

	snd_power_change_state(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3hot);
	azx_clear_irq_pending(chip);
	list_for_each_entry(p, &chip->pcm_list, list)
		snd_pcm_suspend_all(p->pcm);
	if (chip->initialized)
		snd_hda_suspend(chip->bus);
	azx_stop_chip(chip);
	azx_enter_link_reset(chip);
	if (chip->irq >= 0) {
		free_irq(chip->irq, chip);
		chip->irq = -1;
	}
	if (chip->msi)
		pci_disable_msi(chip->pci);
	pci_disable_device(pci);
	pci_save_state(pci);
	pci_set_power_state(pci, PCI_D3hot);
	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL)
		hda_display_power(false);
	return 0;
}

static int azx_resume(struct device *dev)
{
	struct pci_dev *pci = to_pci_dev(dev);
	struct snd_card *card = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
	struct azx *chip = card->private_data;

	if (chip->disabled)
		return 0;

	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL)
		hda_display_power(true);
	pci_set_power_state(pci, PCI_D0);
	pci_restore_state(pci);
	if (pci_enable_device(pci) < 0) {
		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
			"pci_enable_device failed, disabling device\n");
		snd_card_disconnect(card);
		return -EIO;
	}
	pci_set_master(pci);
	if (chip->msi)
		if (pci_enable_msi(pci) < 0)
			chip->msi = 0;
	if (azx_acquire_irq(chip, 1) < 0)
		return -EIO;
	azx_init_pci(chip);

	azx_init_chip(chip, 1);

	snd_hda_resume(chip->bus);
	snd_power_change_state(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
	return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP || SUPPORT_VGA_SWITCHEROO */

#ifdef CONFIG_PM_RUNTIME
static int azx_runtime_suspend(struct device *dev)
{
	struct snd_card *card = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
	struct azx *chip = card->private_data;

	if (chip->disabled)
		return 0;

	if (!(chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME))
		return 0;

	/* enable controller wake up event */
	azx_writew(chip, WAKEEN, azx_readw(chip, WAKEEN) |
		  STATESTS_INT_MASK);

	azx_stop_chip(chip);
	azx_enter_link_reset(chip);
	azx_clear_irq_pending(chip);
	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL)
		hda_display_power(false);
	return 0;
}

static int azx_runtime_resume(struct device *dev)
{
	struct snd_card *card = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
	struct azx *chip = card->private_data;
	struct hda_bus *bus;
	struct hda_codec *codec;
	int status;

	if (chip->disabled)
		return 0;

	if (!(chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME))
		return 0;

	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL)
		hda_display_power(true);

	/* Read STATESTS before controller reset */
	status = azx_readw(chip, STATESTS);

	azx_init_pci(chip);
	azx_init_chip(chip, 1);

	bus = chip->bus;
	if (status && bus) {
		list_for_each_entry(codec, &bus->codec_list, list)
			if (status & (1 << codec->addr))
				queue_delayed_work(codec->bus->workq,
						   &codec->jackpoll_work, codec->jackpoll_interval);
	}

	/* disable controller Wake Up event*/
	azx_writew(chip, WAKEEN, azx_readw(chip, WAKEEN) &
			~STATESTS_INT_MASK);

	return 0;
}

static int azx_runtime_idle(struct device *dev)
{
	struct snd_card *card = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
	struct azx *chip = card->private_data;

	if (chip->disabled)
		return 0;

	if (!power_save_controller ||
	    !(chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME))
		return -EBUSY;

	return 0;
}

#endif /* CONFIG_PM_RUNTIME */

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
static const struct dev_pm_ops azx_pm = {
	SET_SYSTEM_SLEEP_PM_OPS(azx_suspend, azx_resume)