cgroup.c

	struct cgroup *cgrp;

	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(cgrp->root->release_agent_path) < PATH_MAX);

	cgrp = cgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn, false);
	if (!cgrp)
		return -ENODEV;
	spin_lock(&release_agent_path_lock);
	strlcpy(cgrp->root->release_agent_path, strstrip(buf),
		sizeof(cgrp->root->release_agent_path));
	spin_unlock(&release_agent_path_lock);
	cgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
	return nbytes;
}

static int cgroup_release_agent_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
	struct cgroup *cgrp = seq_css(seq)->cgroup;

	spin_lock(&release_agent_path_lock);
	seq_puts(seq, cgrp->root->release_agent_path);
	spin_unlock(&release_agent_path_lock);
	seq_putc(seq, '\n');
	return 0;
}

static int cgroup_sane_behavior_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
	seq_puts(seq, "0\n");
	return 0;
}

static void cgroup_print_ss_mask(struct seq_file *seq, u16 ss_mask)
{
	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
	bool printed = false;
	int ssid;

	do_each_subsys_mask(ss, ssid, ss_mask) {
		if (printed)
			seq_putc(seq, ' ');
		seq_printf(seq, "%s", ss->name);
		printed = true;
	} while_each_subsys_mask();
	if (printed)
		seq_putc(seq, '\n');
}

/* show controllers which are enabled from the parent */
static int cgroup_controllers_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
	struct cgroup *cgrp = seq_css(seq)->cgroup;

	cgroup_print_ss_mask(seq, cgroup_control(cgrp));
	return 0;
}

/* show controllers which are enabled for a given cgroup's children */
static int cgroup_subtree_control_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
	struct cgroup *cgrp = seq_css(seq)->cgroup;

	cgroup_print_ss_mask(seq, cgrp->subtree_control);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * cgroup_update_dfl_csses - update css assoc of a subtree in default hierarchy
 * @cgrp: root of the subtree to update csses for
 *
 * @cgrp's control masks have changed and its subtree's css associations
 * need to be updated accordingly.  This function looks up all css_sets
 * which are attached to the subtree, creates the matching updated css_sets
 * and migrates the tasks to the new ones.
 */
static int cgroup_update_dfl_csses(struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
	LIST_HEAD(preloaded_csets);
	struct cgroup_taskset tset = CGROUP_TASKSET_INIT(tset);
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *d_css;
	struct cgroup *dsct;
	struct css_set *src_cset;
	int ret;

	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);

	percpu_down_write(&cgroup_threadgroup_rwsem);

	/* look up all csses currently attached to @cgrp's subtree */
	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
	cgroup_for_each_live_descendant_pre(dsct, d_css, cgrp) {
		struct cgrp_cset_link *link;

		list_for_each_entry(link, &dsct->cset_links, cset_link)
			cgroup_migrate_add_src(link->cset, dsct,
					       &preloaded_csets);
	}
	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);

	/* NULL dst indicates self on default hierarchy */
	ret = cgroup_migrate_prepare_dst(&preloaded_csets);
	if (ret)
		goto out_finish;

	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
	list_for_each_entry(src_cset, &preloaded_csets, mg_preload_node) {
		struct task_struct *task, *ntask;

		/* src_csets precede dst_csets, break on the first dst_cset */
		if (!src_cset->mg_src_cgrp)
			break;

		/* all tasks in src_csets need to be migrated */
		list_for_each_entry_safe(task, ntask, &src_cset->tasks, cg_list)
			cgroup_taskset_add(task, &tset);
	}
	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);

	ret = cgroup_taskset_migrate(&tset, cgrp->root);
out_finish:
	cgroup_migrate_finish(&preloaded_csets);
	percpu_up_write(&cgroup_threadgroup_rwsem);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * cgroup_lock_and_drain_offline - lock cgroup_mutex and drain offlined csses
 * @cgrp: root of the target subtree
 *
 * Because css offlining is asynchronous, userland may try to re-enable a
 * controller while the previous css is still around.  This function grabs
 * cgroup_mutex and drains the previous css instances of @cgrp's subtree.
 */
static void cgroup_lock_and_drain_offline(struct cgroup *cgrp)
	__acquires(&cgroup_mutex)
{
	struct cgroup *dsct;
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *d_css;
	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
	int ssid;

restart:
	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);

	cgroup_for_each_live_descendant_post(dsct, d_css, cgrp) {
		for_each_subsys(ss, ssid) {
			struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = cgroup_css(dsct, ss);
			DEFINE_WAIT(wait);

			if (!css || !percpu_ref_is_dying(&css->refcnt))
				continue;

			cgroup_get(dsct);
			prepare_to_wait(&dsct->offline_waitq, &wait,
					TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);

			mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
			schedule();
			finish_wait(&dsct->offline_waitq, &wait);

			cgroup_put(dsct);
			goto restart;
		}
	}
}

/**
 * cgroup_save_control - save control masks of a subtree
 * @cgrp: root of the target subtree
 *
 * Save ->subtree_control and ->subtree_ss_mask to the respective old_
 * prefixed fields for @cgrp's subtree including @cgrp itself.
 */
static void cgroup_save_control(struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
	struct cgroup *dsct;
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *d_css;

	cgroup_for_each_live_descendant_pre(dsct, d_css, cgrp) {
		dsct->old_subtree_control = dsct->subtree_control;
		dsct->old_subtree_ss_mask = dsct->subtree_ss_mask;
	}
}

/**
 * cgroup_propagate_control - refresh control masks of a subtree
 * @cgrp: root of the target subtree
 *
 * For @cgrp and its subtree, ensure ->subtree_ss_mask matches
 * ->subtree_control and propagate controller availability through the
 * subtree so that descendants don't have unavailable controllers enabled.
 */
static void cgroup_propagate_control(struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
	struct cgroup *dsct;
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *d_css;

	cgroup_for_each_live_descendant_pre(dsct, d_css, cgrp) {
		dsct->subtree_control &= cgroup_control(dsct);
		dsct->subtree_ss_mask =
			cgroup_calc_subtree_ss_mask(dsct->subtree_control,
						    cgroup_ss_mask(dsct));
	}
}

/**
 * cgroup_restore_control - restore control masks of a subtree
 * @cgrp: root of the target subtree
 *
 * Restore ->subtree_control and ->subtree_ss_mask from the respective old_
 * prefixed fields for @cgrp's subtree including @cgrp itself.
 */
static void cgroup_restore_control(struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
	struct cgroup *dsct;
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *d_css;

	cgroup_for_each_live_descendant_post(dsct, d_css, cgrp) {
		dsct->subtree_control = dsct->old_subtree_control;
		dsct->subtree_ss_mask = dsct->old_subtree_ss_mask;
	}
}

static bool css_visible(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
{
	struct cgroup_subsys *ss = css->ss;
	struct cgroup *cgrp = css->cgroup;

	if (cgroup_control(cgrp) & (1 << ss->id))
		return true;
	if (!(cgroup_ss_mask(cgrp) & (1 << ss->id)))
		return false;
	return cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp) && ss->implicit_on_dfl;
}

/**
 * cgroup_apply_control_enable - enable or show csses according to control
 * @cgrp: root of the target subtree
 *
 * Walk @cgrp's subtree and create new csses or make the existing ones
 * visible.  A css is created invisible if it's being implicitly enabled
 * through dependency.  An invisible css is made visible when the userland
 * explicitly enables it.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -errno on failure.  On failure, csses which have
 * been processed already aren't cleaned up.  The caller is responsible for
 * cleaning up with cgroup_apply_control_disble().
 */
static int cgroup_apply_control_enable(struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
	struct cgroup *dsct;
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *d_css;
	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
	int ssid, ret;

	cgroup_for_each_live_descendant_pre(dsct, d_css, cgrp) {
		for_each_subsys(ss, ssid) {
			struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = cgroup_css(dsct, ss);

			WARN_ON_ONCE(css && percpu_ref_is_dying(&css->refcnt));

			if (!(cgroup_ss_mask(dsct) & (1 << ss->id)))
				continue;

			if (!css) {
				css = css_create(dsct, ss);
				if (IS_ERR(css))
					return PTR_ERR(css);
			}

			if (css_visible(css)) {
				ret = css_populate_dir(css);
				if (ret)
					return ret;
			}
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * cgroup_apply_control_disable - kill or hide csses according to control
 * @cgrp: root of the target subtree
 *
 * Walk @cgrp's subtree and kill and hide csses so that they match
 * cgroup_ss_mask() and cgroup_visible_mask().
 *
 * A css is hidden when the userland requests it to be disabled while other
 * subsystems are still depending on it.  The css must not actively control
 * resources and be in the vanilla state if it's made visible again later.
 * Controllers which may be depended upon should provide ->css_reset() for
 * this purpose.
 */
static void cgroup_apply_control_disable(struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
	struct cgroup *dsct;
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *d_css;
	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
	int ssid;

	cgroup_for_each_live_descendant_post(dsct, d_css, cgrp) {
		for_each_subsys(ss, ssid) {
			struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = cgroup_css(dsct, ss);

			WARN_ON_ONCE(css && percpu_ref_is_dying(&css->refcnt));

			if (!css)
				continue;

			if (css->parent &&
			    !(cgroup_ss_mask(dsct) & (1 << ss->id))) {
				kill_css(css);
			} else if (!css_visible(css)) {
				css_clear_dir(css);
				if (ss->css_reset)
					ss->css_reset(css);
			}
		}
	}
}

/**
 * cgroup_apply_control - apply control mask updates to the subtree
 * @cgrp: root of the target subtree
 *
 * subsystems can be enabled and disabled in a subtree using the following
 * steps.
 *
 * 1. Call cgroup_save_control() to stash the current state.
 * 2. Update ->subtree_control masks in the subtree as desired.
 * 3. Call cgroup_apply_control() to apply the changes.
 * 4. Optionally perform other related operations.
 * 5. Call cgroup_finalize_control() to finish up.
 *
 * This function implements step 3 and propagates the mask changes
 * throughout @cgrp's subtree, updates csses accordingly and perform
 * process migrations.
 */
static int cgroup_apply_control(struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
	int ret;

	cgroup_propagate_control(cgrp);

	ret = cgroup_apply_control_enable(cgrp);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/*
	 * At this point, cgroup_e_css() results reflect the new csses
	 * making the following cgroup_update_dfl_csses() properly update
	 * css associations of all tasks in the subtree.
	 */
	ret = cgroup_update_dfl_csses(cgrp);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	return 0;
}

/**
 * cgroup_finalize_control - finalize control mask update
 * @cgrp: root of the target subtree
 * @ret: the result of the update
 *
 * Finalize control mask update.  See cgroup_apply_control() for more info.
 */
static void cgroup_finalize_control(struct cgroup *cgrp, int ret)
{
	if (ret) {
		cgroup_restore_control(cgrp);
		cgroup_propagate_control(cgrp);
	}

	cgroup_apply_control_disable(cgrp);
}

/* change the enabled child controllers for a cgroup in the default hierarchy */
static ssize_t cgroup_subtree_control_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
					    char *buf, size_t nbytes,
					    loff_t off)
{
	u16 enable = 0, disable = 0;
	struct cgroup *cgrp, *child;
	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
	char *tok;
	int ssid, ret;

	/*
	 * Parse input - space separated list of subsystem names prefixed
	 * with either + or -.
	 */
	buf = strstrip(buf);
	while ((tok = strsep(&buf, " "))) {
		if (tok[0] == '\0')
			continue;
		do_each_subsys_mask(ss, ssid, ~cgrp_dfl_inhibit_ss_mask) {
			if (!cgroup_ssid_enabled(ssid) ||
			    strcmp(tok + 1, ss->name))
				continue;

			if (*tok == '+') {
				enable |= 1 << ssid;
				disable &= ~(1 << ssid);
			} else if (*tok == '-') {
				disable |= 1 << ssid;
				enable &= ~(1 << ssid);
			} else {
				return -EINVAL;
			}
			break;
		} while_each_subsys_mask();
		if (ssid == CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT)
			return -EINVAL;
	}

	cgrp = cgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn, true);
	if (!cgrp)
		return -ENODEV;

	for_each_subsys(ss, ssid) {
		if (enable & (1 << ssid)) {
			if (cgrp->subtree_control & (1 << ssid)) {
				enable &= ~(1 << ssid);
				continue;
			}

			if (!(cgroup_control(cgrp) & (1 << ssid))) {
				ret = -ENOENT;
				goto out_unlock;
			}
		} else if (disable & (1 << ssid)) {
			if (!(cgrp->subtree_control & (1 << ssid))) {
				disable &= ~(1 << ssid);
				continue;
			}

			/* a child has it enabled? */
			cgroup_for_each_live_child(child, cgrp) {
				if (child->subtree_control & (1 << ssid)) {
					ret = -EBUSY;
					goto out_unlock;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if (!enable && !disable) {
		ret = 0;
		goto out_unlock;
	}

	/*
	 * Except for the root, subtree_control must be zero for a cgroup
	 * with tasks so that child cgroups don't compete against tasks.
	 */
	if (enable && cgroup_parent(cgrp)) {
		struct cgrp_cset_link *link;

		/*
		 * Because namespaces pin csets too, @cgrp->cset_links
		 * might not be empty even when @cgrp is empty.  Walk and
		 * verify each cset.
		 */
		spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);

		ret = 0;
		list_for_each_entry(link, &cgrp->cset_links, cset_link) {
			if (css_set_populated(link->cset)) {
				ret = -EBUSY;
				break;
			}
		}

		spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);

		if (ret)
			goto out_unlock;
	}

	/* save and update control masks and prepare csses */
	cgroup_save_control(cgrp);

	cgrp->subtree_control |= enable;
	cgrp->subtree_control &= ~disable;

	ret = cgroup_apply_control(cgrp);

	cgroup_finalize_control(cgrp, ret);

	kernfs_activate(cgrp->kn);
	ret = 0;
out_unlock:
	cgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
	return ret ?: nbytes;
}

static int cgroup_events_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
	seq_printf(seq, "populated %d\n",
		   cgroup_is_populated(seq_css(seq)->cgroup));
	return 0;
}

static int cgroup_file_open(struct kernfs_open_file *of)
{
	struct cftype *cft = of->kn->priv;

	if (cft->open)
		return cft->open(of);
	return 0;
}

static void cgroup_file_release(struct kernfs_open_file *of)
{
	struct cftype *cft = of->kn->priv;

	if (cft->release)
		cft->release(of);
}

static ssize_t cgroup_file_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of, char *buf,
				 size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
{
	struct cgroup *cgrp = of->kn->parent->priv;
	struct cftype *cft = of->kn->priv;
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
	int ret;

	if (cft->write)
		return cft->write(of, buf, nbytes, off);

	/*
	 * kernfs guarantees that a file isn't deleted with operations in
	 * flight, which means that the matching css is and stays alive and
	 * doesn't need to be pinned.  The RCU locking is not necessary
	 * either.  It's just for the convenience of using cgroup_css().
	 */
	rcu_read_lock();
	css = cgroup_css(cgrp, cft->ss);
	rcu_read_unlock();

	if (cft->write_u64) {
		unsigned long long v;
		ret = kstrtoull(buf, 0, &v);
		if (!ret)
			ret = cft->write_u64(css, cft, v);
	} else if (cft->write_s64) {
		long long v;
		ret = kstrtoll(buf, 0, &v);
		if (!ret)
			ret = cft->write_s64(css, cft, v);
	} else {
		ret = -EINVAL;
	}

	return ret ?: nbytes;
}

static void *cgroup_seqfile_start(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *ppos)
{
	return seq_cft(seq)->seq_start(seq, ppos);
}

static void *cgroup_seqfile_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *ppos)
{
	return seq_cft(seq)->seq_next(seq, v, ppos);
}

static void cgroup_seqfile_stop(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
	if (seq_cft(seq)->seq_stop)
		seq_cft(seq)->seq_stop(seq, v);
}

static int cgroup_seqfile_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
	struct cftype *cft = seq_cft(m);
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = seq_css(m);

	if (cft->seq_show)
		return cft->seq_show(m, arg);

	if (cft->read_u64)
		seq_printf(m, "%llu\n", cft->read_u64(css, cft));
	else if (cft->read_s64)
		seq_printf(m, "%lld\n", cft->read_s64(css, cft));
	else
		return -EINVAL;
	return 0;
}

static struct kernfs_ops cgroup_kf_single_ops = {
	.atomic_write_len	= PAGE_SIZE,
	.open			= cgroup_file_open,
	.release		= cgroup_file_release,
	.write			= cgroup_file_write,
	.seq_show		= cgroup_seqfile_show,
};

static struct kernfs_ops cgroup_kf_ops = {
	.atomic_write_len	= PAGE_SIZE,
	.open			= cgroup_file_open,
	.release		= cgroup_file_release,
	.write			= cgroup_file_write,
	.seq_start		= cgroup_seqfile_start,
	.seq_next		= cgroup_seqfile_next,
	.seq_stop		= cgroup_seqfile_stop,
	.seq_show		= cgroup_seqfile_show,
};

/*
 * cgroup_rename - Only allow simple rename of directories in place.
 */
static int cgroup_rename(struct kernfs_node *kn, struct kernfs_node *new_parent,
			 const char *new_name_str)
{
	struct cgroup *cgrp = kn->priv;
	int ret;

	if (kernfs_type(kn) != KERNFS_DIR)
		return -ENOTDIR;
	if (kn->parent != new_parent)
		return -EIO;

	/*
	 * This isn't a proper migration and its usefulness is very
	 * limited.  Disallow on the default hierarchy.
	 */
	if (cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp))
		return -EPERM;

	/*
	 * We're gonna grab cgroup_mutex which nests outside kernfs
	 * active_ref.  kernfs_rename() doesn't require active_ref
	 * protection.  Break them before grabbing cgroup_mutex.
	 */
	kernfs_break_active_protection(new_parent);
	kernfs_break_active_protection(kn);

	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);

	ret = kernfs_rename(kn, new_parent, new_name_str);
	if (!ret)
		trace_cgroup_rename(cgrp);

	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);

	kernfs_unbreak_active_protection(kn);
	kernfs_unbreak_active_protection(new_parent);
	return ret;
}

/* set uid and gid of cgroup dirs and files to that of the creator */
static int cgroup_kn_set_ugid(struct kernfs_node *kn)
{
	struct iattr iattr = { .ia_valid = ATTR_UID | ATTR_GID,
			       .ia_uid = current_fsuid(),
			       .ia_gid = current_fsgid(), };

	if (uid_eq(iattr.ia_uid, GLOBAL_ROOT_UID) &&
	    gid_eq(iattr.ia_gid, GLOBAL_ROOT_GID))
		return 0;

	return kernfs_setattr(kn, &iattr);
}

static int cgroup_add_file(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, struct cgroup *cgrp,
			   struct cftype *cft)
{
	char name[CGROUP_FILE_NAME_MAX];
	struct kernfs_node *kn;
	struct lock_class_key *key = NULL;
	int ret;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
	key = &cft->lockdep_key;
#endif
	kn = __kernfs_create_file(cgrp->kn, cgroup_file_name(cgrp, cft, name),
				  cgroup_file_mode(cft), 0, cft->kf_ops, cft,
				  NULL, key);
	if (IS_ERR(kn))
		return PTR_ERR(kn);

	ret = cgroup_kn_set_ugid(kn);
	if (ret) {
		kernfs_remove(kn);
		return ret;
	}

	if (cft->file_offset) {
		struct cgroup_file *cfile = (void *)css + cft->file_offset;

		spin_lock_irq(&cgroup_file_kn_lock);
		cfile->kn = kn;
		spin_unlock_irq(&cgroup_file_kn_lock);
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * cgroup_addrm_files - add or remove files to a cgroup directory
 * @css: the target css
 * @cgrp: the target cgroup (usually css->cgroup)
 * @cfts: array of cftypes to be added
 * @is_add: whether to add or remove
 *
 * Depending on @is_add, add or remove files defined by @cfts on @cgrp.
 * For removals, this function never fails.
 */
static int cgroup_addrm_files(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
			      struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype cfts[],
			      bool is_add)
{
	struct cftype *cft, *cft_end = NULL;
	int ret = 0;

	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);

restart:
	for (cft = cfts; cft != cft_end && cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++) {
		/* does cft->flags tell us to skip this file on @cgrp? */
		if ((cft->flags & __CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_DFL) && !cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp))
			continue;
		if ((cft->flags & __CFTYPE_NOT_ON_DFL) && cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp))
			continue;
		if ((cft->flags & CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT) && !cgroup_parent(cgrp))
			continue;
		if ((cft->flags & CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_ROOT) && cgroup_parent(cgrp))
			continue;

		if (is_add) {
			ret = cgroup_add_file(css, cgrp, cft);
			if (ret) {
				pr_warn("%s: failed to add %s, err=%d\n",
					__func__, cft->name, ret);
				cft_end = cft;
				is_add = false;
				goto restart;
			}
		} else {
			cgroup_rm_file(cgrp, cft);
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

static int cgroup_apply_cftypes(struct cftype *cfts, bool is_add)
{
	LIST_HEAD(pending);
	struct cgroup_subsys *ss = cfts[0].ss;
	struct cgroup *root = &ss->root->cgrp;
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
	int ret = 0;

	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);

	/* add/rm files for all cgroups created before */
	css_for_each_descendant_pre(css, cgroup_css(root, ss)) {
		struct cgroup *cgrp = css->cgroup;

		if (!(css->flags & CSS_VISIBLE))
			continue;

		ret = cgroup_addrm_files(css, cgrp, cfts, is_add);
		if (ret)
			break;
	}

	if (is_add && !ret)
		kernfs_activate(root->kn);
	return ret;
}

static void cgroup_exit_cftypes(struct cftype *cfts)
{
	struct cftype *cft;

	for (cft = cfts; cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++) {
		/* free copy for custom atomic_write_len, see init_cftypes() */
		if (cft->max_write_len && cft->max_write_len != PAGE_SIZE)
			kfree(cft->kf_ops);
		cft->kf_ops = NULL;
		cft->ss = NULL;

		/* revert flags set by cgroup core while adding @cfts */
		cft->flags &= ~(__CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_DFL | __CFTYPE_NOT_ON_DFL);
	}
}

static int cgroup_init_cftypes(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cftype *cfts)
{
	struct cftype *cft;

	for (cft = cfts; cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++) {
		struct kernfs_ops *kf_ops;

		WARN_ON(cft->ss || cft->kf_ops);

		if (cft->seq_start)
			kf_ops = &cgroup_kf_ops;
		else
			kf_ops = &cgroup_kf_single_ops;

		/*
		 * Ugh... if @cft wants a custom max_write_len, we need to
		 * make a copy of kf_ops to set its atomic_write_len.
		 */
		if (cft->max_write_len && cft->max_write_len != PAGE_SIZE) {
			kf_ops = kmemdup(kf_ops, sizeof(*kf_ops), GFP_KERNEL);
			if (!kf_ops) {
				cgroup_exit_cftypes(cfts);
				return -ENOMEM;
			}
			kf_ops->atomic_write_len = cft->max_write_len;
		}

		cft->kf_ops = kf_ops;
		cft->ss = ss;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int cgroup_rm_cftypes_locked(struct cftype *cfts)
{
	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);

	if (!cfts || !cfts[0].ss)
		return -ENOENT;

	list_del(&cfts->node);
	cgroup_apply_cftypes(cfts, false);
	cgroup_exit_cftypes(cfts);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * cgroup_rm_cftypes - remove an array of cftypes from a subsystem
 * @cfts: zero-length name terminated array of cftypes
 *
 * Unregister @cfts.  Files described by @cfts are removed from all
 * existing cgroups and all future cgroups won't have them either.  This
 * function can be called anytime whether @cfts' subsys is attached or not.
 *
 * Returns 0 on successful unregistration, -ENOENT if @cfts is not
 * registered.
 */
int cgroup_rm_cftypes(struct cftype *cfts)
{
	int ret;

	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
	ret = cgroup_rm_cftypes_locked(cfts);
	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * cgroup_add_cftypes - add an array of cftypes to a subsystem
 * @ss: target cgroup subsystem
 * @cfts: zero-length name terminated array of cftypes
 *
 * Register @cfts to @ss.  Files described by @cfts are created for all
 * existing cgroups to which @ss is attached and all future cgroups will
 * have them too.  This function can be called anytime whether @ss is
 * attached or not.
 *
 * Returns 0 on successful registration, -errno on failure.  Note that this
 * function currently returns 0 as long as @cfts registration is successful
 * even if some file creation attempts on existing cgroups fail.
 */
static int cgroup_add_cftypes(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cftype *cfts)
{
	int ret;

	if (!cgroup_ssid_enabled(ss->id))
		return 0;

	if (!cfts || cfts[0].name[0] == '\0')
		return 0;

	ret = cgroup_init_cftypes(ss, cfts);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);

	list_add_tail(&cfts->node, &ss->cfts);
	ret = cgroup_apply_cftypes(cfts, true);
	if (ret)
		cgroup_rm_cftypes_locked(cfts);

	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * cgroup_add_dfl_cftypes - add an array of cftypes for default hierarchy
 * @ss: target cgroup subsystem
 * @cfts: zero-length name terminated array of cftypes
 *
 * Similar to cgroup_add_cftypes() but the added files are only used for
 * the default hierarchy.
 */
int cgroup_add_dfl_cftypes(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cftype *cfts)
{
	struct cftype *cft;

	for (cft = cfts; cft && cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++)
		cft->flags |= __CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_DFL;
	return cgroup_add_cftypes(ss, cfts);
}

/**
 * cgroup_add_legacy_cftypes - add an array of cftypes for legacy hierarchies
 * @ss: target cgroup subsystem
 * @cfts: zero-length name terminated array of cftypes
 *
 * Similar to cgroup_add_cftypes() but the added files are only used for
 * the legacy hierarchies.
 */
int cgroup_add_legacy_cftypes(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cftype *cfts)
{
	struct cftype *cft;

	for (cft = cfts; cft && cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++)
		cft->flags |= __CFTYPE_NOT_ON_DFL;
	return cgroup_add_cftypes(ss, cfts);
}

/**
 * cgroup_file_notify - generate a file modified event for a cgroup_file
 * @cfile: target cgroup_file
 *
 * @cfile must have been obtained by setting cftype->file_offset.
 */
void cgroup_file_notify(struct cgroup_file *cfile)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&cgroup_file_kn_lock, flags);
	if (cfile->kn)
		kernfs_notify(cfile->kn);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cgroup_file_kn_lock, flags);
}

/**
 * cgroup_task_count - count the number of tasks in a cgroup.
 * @cgrp: the cgroup in question
 *
 * Return the number of tasks in the cgroup.  The returned number can be
 * higher than the actual number of tasks due to css_set references from
 * namespace roots and temporary usages.
 */
static int cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
	int count = 0;
	struct cgrp_cset_link *link;

	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
	list_for_each_entry(link, &cgrp->cset_links, cset_link)
		count += atomic_read(&link->cset->refcount);
	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
	return count;
}

/**
 * css_next_child - find the next child of a given css
 * @pos: the current position (%NULL to initiate traversal)
 * @parent: css whose children to walk
 *
 * This function returns the next child of @parent and should be called
 * under either cgroup_mutex or RCU read lock.  The only requirement is
 * that @parent and @pos are accessible.  The next sibling is guaranteed to
 * be returned regardless of their states.
 *
 * If a subsystem synchronizes ->css_online() and the start of iteration, a
 * css which finished ->css_online() is guaranteed to be visible in the
 * future iterations and will stay visible until the last reference is put.
 * A css which hasn't finished ->css_online() or already finished
 * ->css_offline() may show up during traversal.  It's each subsystem's
 * responsibility to synchronize against on/offlining.
 */
struct cgroup_subsys_state *css_next_child(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos,
					   struct cgroup_subsys_state *parent)
{
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *next;

	cgroup_assert_mutex_or_rcu_locked();

	/*
	 * @pos could already have been unlinked from the sibling list.
	 * Once a cgroup is removed, its ->sibling.next is no longer
	 * updated when its next sibling changes.  CSS_RELEASED is set when
	 * @pos is taken off list, at which time its next pointer is valid,
	 * and, as releases are serialized, the one pointed to by the next
	 * pointer is guaranteed to not have started release yet.  This